Top 40 ASP DOT NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers

There is still a high demand for ASP.NET MVC professionals because of its security, scalability, performance, large talent pool, and Microsoft support. It is considered the future of web development with Microsoft, here we have carefully collected top 40 ASP DOT NET MVC interview questions and answers for freshers and experienced candidates. Explore our ASP NET MVC course syllabus to start learning.

ASP NET MVC Fresher Interview Questions and Answers

Here are popularly asked ASP NET MVC basic interview questions and answers for freshers:

1. What is ASP.NET MVC?

Microsoft created the web application framework known as ASP.NET MVC. It divides an application into three primary parts using the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern:

• Model: Shows the application’s data and business logic.
• View: Specifies the application’s user interface (UI).
• Controller: Manages input from the user and communicates with the View and Model.

2. What are the advantages of using ASP.NET MVC?

Here are the advantages of using ASP.NET MVC:

• Testability: Because the concerns are separated, there is high testability.
• Maintainability: Because of its modular design, it is simpler to update and maintain.
• Flexibility: Allows for a variety of testing methodologies, including integration and unit testing.
• Scalability: Easily expandable to accommodate higher volumes of data and traffic.
• Community Support: Microsoft offers a robust community and a wealth of help.

3. Describe the function of each MVC architectural component.

Model: Model in MVC includes the application’s data and business logic. It communicates with other data sources or the database. It lays out the guidelines and limitations for validating data.

View: View in MVC is in charge of showing the user the data. It gets the data from the Controller and displays it in an easy-to-use format (such as HTML or JSON).

Controller: Control in MVC responds to user queries (such as HTTP requests), works with the Model to retrieve and modify data, and chooses the best View to show the user the data.

4. What are the different types of actions in ASP.NET MVC controllers?

HTTP Methods:

• GET: It is used to receive data from the server.
• POST: It is used to send data to the server.
• PUT: It is used to update existing data.
• DELETE: It is used to delete the data.

Other Forms of Action:

Child Actions: To render a section of a view inside another view, use child actions.

Http/Https: Indicate which protocol of the action will be used.

5. What are the different types of views in ASP.NET MVC?

Here are the two types of views in ASP.NET MVC:

Razor Views (.cshtml): The most popular view type is Razor Views (.cshtml), which embeds C# code in HTML using the Razor syntax.

View Components: Reusable user interface elements that work in any view.

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6. What are filters in ASP.NET MVC?

The filters are used to run code either before or after an action method is executed.

Examples:

• Authorization Filters: Using user roles or permissions, authorization filters limit access to certain actions.
• Action Filters: Run code either prior to or following an action method.
• Exception Filters: Address exceptions that arise while an action is being executed.
• Result Filters: Adjust an action method’s outcome.

7. What does ASP.NET MVC routing mean?

The process of mapping incoming browser requests to particular controller actions within your application is known as “routing” in ASP.NET MVC. In essence, it determines which section of your code should handle a given URL based on predefined patterns, enabling neat and structured URL structures for your website.

Example:

routes.MapRoute(“Default”, “{controller}/{action}/{id?}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index” }); 

8. What does ASP.NET MVC dependency injection mean?

The term “dependency injection” in ASP.NET MVC describes a software design pattern where a class receives the objects it depends on (referred to as dependencies) from another class rather than creating them itself. This reduces tight coupling between classes and allows for greater flexibility, maintainability, and testability; in other words, it’s a method of giving a class the components it needs at runtime rather than hardcoding them into the class itself.

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9. What does ASP.NET MVC’s model binding mean?

Incoming HTTP request data is automatically mapped to your model objects’ properties by model binding.

Data from HTTP requests can be mapped to a model using ASP.NET MVC model binding. It involves leveraging the information that the browser sends in an HTTP request to create.NET objects. A cleverly constructed link between the C# action methods and the HTTP request is model binding.

10. In ASP.NET MVC, how are errors and exceptions handled?

• Try-catch blocks should be used in action methods.
• To handle particular exception types, implement custom exception filters.
• To aid with debugging and troubleshooting, record errors.
• Show the user error messages that are easy to understand.

11. How do you access data in ASP.NET MVC?

We can access data in ASP.NET MVC using the following:

Entity Framework: One well-liked object-relational mapper (ORM) for.NET is called Entity Framework.

ADO.NET: Relational databases can be accessed directly with ADO.NET.

Third-Party Libraries: NHibernate, Dapper, etc.

12. What is Entity Framework Core?

An extendable and lightweight version of Entity Framework is called Entity Framework Core. Among the database providers it supports are MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server.

Features of Entity Framework Core:

• LINQ queries are supported.
• Allows for change tracking.
• Updates are supported.
• Facilitates schema migrations.
• It works with a variety of database engines, such as SQLite, PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQL Server.
• It offers a pre-configured collection of APIs for creating ASP.NET Core applications.

13. Explain the concept of LINQ to Entities.

You can use the LINQ (Language Integrated Query) syntax to query database data with LINQ to Entities. 

• Developers can use Visual Basic or Visual C# to create queries on the Entity Framework conceptual model due to LINQ to Entities’ support for Language-Integrated Query (LINQ). 
• Command tree queries run against the object context and represent queries against the Entity Framework.

14. What are some common security vulnerabilities in web applications, and how can you prevent them in ASP.NET MVC?

• Cross-Site Scripting (XSS): By appropriately encoding user input and output, you can prevent cross-site scripting (XSS).
• Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF): Verify requests using anti-forgery tokens.
• SQL Injection: Make use of stored procedures or parameterized queries.
• Authorization and Authentication: Put in place appropriate authorization and authentication procedures.

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15. How do you implement authentication and authorization in ASP.NET MVC?

• Forms Authentication: An integrated system for controlling user sessions and logins.
• Windows Authentication: For enhanced security, use Windows authentication.
• OAuth 2.0: For external authentication (like Google and Facebook), use OAuth 2.0.
• Authorization Filters: Using user roles or permissions, authorization filters limit access to certain actions.

16. What is unit testing, and how do you perform unit testing in ASP.NET MVC?

Unit testing entails evaluating distinct parts (such as controllers and models) separately. It makes use of testing frameworks such as xUnit or NUnit. To isolate the component being tested, use stub or mock dependencies.

• ASP.NET MVC unit testing involves creating a separate test project within your solution and using a testing framework such as NUnit or xUnit to write test cases that target specific controllers, models, and views, verifying their functionality in isolation with mocked dependencies. 
• Unit testing is a software development practice that involves testing individual, isolated units of code (such as a single function or class) to make sure they behave as expected.

17. What is integration testing, and how do you perform integration testing in ASP.NET MVC?

To verify how various application components interact with one another, integration testing is necessary. Verify the data flow between views, models, and controllers.

• By creating an in-memory instance of your application and sending HTTP requests to it to test the response behavior across various components, you can use the WebApplicationFactory class to accomplish integration testing in ASP.NET MVC, 
• It entails confirming how various components of your application, such as controllers, services, and databases, interact with one another to ensure they function correctly as a whole. 
• Usually, this is done by simulating real-world scenarios through a test server that mimics the application’s environment.  

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18. How can ASP.NET MVC apps be made to run faster?

Caching: To cut down on the quantity of requests made to the server, use caching techniques (such as output and data caching).

Database optimization: Make database indexes and queries more efficient.

Reduce the number of HTTP requests: Use image sprites and combine CSS and JavaScript files.

Make use of asynchronous programming: By shifting time-consuming activities to background threads, you can increase responsiveness.

19. What distinguishes ASP.NET Web API from ASP.NET MVC?

The main purpose of ASP.NET MVC is to create online applications with sophisticated user interfaces. The ASP.NET Web API is mostly utilized for creating RESTful APIs, or HTTP services.

Which to use when:

• Use a web API if you need to make data available as a service that can be used by a variety of customers, such as web services or mobile apps.
• If you need to create a conventional web application with dynamic views and a rich user experience, use MVC. 

20. What function does ASP.NET MVC’s Global.asax file serve?

The application file for ASP.NET applications is called Global.asax. Event handlers for application-level events, including session start, application end, and application start, are included.

ASP NET MVC Experienced Interview Questions and Answers

Here are the popularly asked ASP NET MVC developer interview questions and answers for experienced candidates:

1. What distinguishes ViewData, ViewBag, and TempData from one another?

ViewData: A dictionary that holds information that the Controller will send to the View.

ViewBag: A dynamic property called ViewBag offers a practical means of passing data to the View.

TempData: Data that must be retrieved over several requests (for example, during a redirect) is stored in TempData.

2. What are areas in ASP.NET MVC?

An area is a means to aggregate related functionality into a distinct group inside an application in ASP.NET MVC. Areas help with code maintenance, organizing huge applications, and enabling multiple developers to work on the same project. Large programs can be divided into smaller, easier-to-manage modules using areas.

Functions of Areas in ASP.NET

• Separate functionality: A huge application is divided into smaller, easier-to-manage components by areas.
• Establish a hierarchy: Areas establish a routing hierarchy by adding a route parameter to controllers and Razor Pages.
• Organize code: Code should be organized into distinct namespaces and folder structures for similar functions.
• Improve collaboration: Enhanced areas for cooperation let several developers work on the same project without interfering with one another’s work. 

An area can be added as follows:

• Within the solution explorer, right-click the application.
• After choosing Add, select New Scaffolded Item.
• Choose MVC Area from the menu that appears.
• To construct an area, click Add.

3. What is the purpose of the [Authorize] attribute?

Only authenticated users can access an action method due to the [Authorize] attribute. The “[Authorize]” attribute in ASP.NET Core serves as a security mechanism to limit who can view or interact with particular features based on their login status. 

It is used to limit access to a controller action or Razor Page, guaranteeing that only authenticated users can access that particular area of the application.  

4. How do you handle AJAX requests in ASP.NET MVC?

The $.ajax() method, frequently used in conjunction with the Ajax, allows the client-side JavaScript to update portions of the page dynamically without a complete refresh. To handle AJAX requests in ASP.NET MVC, you use JavaScript (usually with jQuery) to make asynchronous calls to dedicated controller actions, which process the request and return data in a format like JSON.Use the ActionLink() helper function to integrate your views more neatly.  

• For AJAX requests that transfer data to the server, use the [HttpPost] attribute.
• Return the action method’s JSON data.
• Make AJAX queries with JavaScript and libraries such as jQuery.

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5. What distinguishes a weakly typed view from a strongly typed view?

In contrast to a strongly typed view, which necessitates explicit type declarations for compile-time type checking and improved code reliability, a weakly typed view does not explicitly define the data types of variables within the view, requiring the system to infer the type at runtime, which could result in errors and less readable code.  

Strongly Typed View: A view that is specifically linked to a model class is known as a strongly typed view.

Example:

@model MyModel // Explicitly defines the model type

    <p>User Name: @Model.Name</p> 

Weakly Typed View: A view that is not connected to a particular model class is known as a weakly typed view.

Example:

    @model dynamic // No explicit type definition

    <p>User Name: @ViewBag.UserName</p> 

Factors	Strongly Typed View	Weakly Typed View
Type Checking	The type of data is checked during compilation.	Type checking happens at runtime, which can lead to unexpected behavior if the data type is incorrect.
Intellisense Support	IDEs like Visual Studio provide better IntelliSense suggestions and auto-completion features.	No Intellisense support.
Error detection	Strongly typed views can catch potential type errors early in the development process.	Weakly typed views may only reveal errors when the application is running.

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6. How can the Repository pattern be applied to ASP.NET MVC?

Data access logic is abstracted by the repository design, which facilitates application testing and maintenance. 

• You can design a repository interface in ASP.NET MVC and implement it for various data sources, such as SQL Server and Entity Framework. 
• This makes switching between data sources simple and doesn’t interfere with the functionality of the rest of your application.

7. How can one utilize the Unit of Work paradigm in ASP.NET MVC?

A group of objects associated with a specific transaction are managed using the Unit of Work pattern. The Unit of Work pattern in ASP.NET MVC can be used to guarantee data consistency and manage changes to several entities in a single transaction.

• A dedicated “Unit of Work” class that encapsulates database context and provides methods to add, update, and delete entities is usually used to implement the Unit of Work paradigm in ASP.NET MVC
• It allows you to group related operations within a single transaction boundary. 
• This paradigm ensures data consistency by committing all changes together or rolling back if any operation fails.

8. How can the Factory Pattern be applied to ASP.NET MVC?

An interface for producing things without defining their specific class is offered by the Factory pattern. The Factory pattern in ASP.NET MVC allows you to easily and sustainably produce instances of your models or other components.

Utilizing ASP.NET MVC’s View Factory Pattern

• It minimizes the amount of logic in your controller’s activities.
• It stays away from constructor soup.
• It is simple to test your views (or view models) without relying on ASP.NET MVC.

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9. How is an ASP.NET MVC application deployed?

• Publish the application: To publish the application as a collection of files, use Visual Studio.
• Deploy to IIS: Install the files that have been published on an IIS server.
• Configure IIS: Set up virtual directories, application pools, and security settings in IIS.

10. What are some common deployment scenarios for ASP.NET MVC applications?

Some common deployment scenarios for ASP.NET MVC applications:

• On-premises deployment: Install the program on a server located on-site.
• Cloud deployment: Install the program on a cloud computing platform like Google Cloud, AWS, or Azure.
• Containerization: For simpler portability and scalability, deploy the program utilizing containers (like Docker).

11. Which best practices apply when building ASP.NET MVC code that is clear and easy to maintain?

• Adhere to the SOLID principles (Dependency Inversion, Liskov Substitution, Open/Closed, Single Responsibility, and Interface Segregation).
• Give variables, methods, and classes meaningful names.
• Keep your classes and methods minimal and targeted.
• To clarify complicated reasoning, use comments.
• Your code should have unit tests written.

12. How can you make your ASP.NET MVC applications more secure?

• Verify every user entry.
• Make use of multi-factor authentication and create strong passwords.
• Protect sensitive information with encryption.
• Update the third-party libraries and the.NET framework on a regular basis.
• Conduct penetration tests and security audits.

13. How can you make your ASP.NET MVC applications run faster?

• Put caching methods in place.
• Make database queries more efficient.
• Reduce the number of HTTP requests.
• Make use of asynchronous programming.
• To find performance snags, profile your application.

14. How does SignalR work with ASP.NET MVC, and what is it?

A library called SignalR is used to create bi-directional, real-time communication between a client and server. Real-time features like chat, notifications, and live dashboards can be created with it in conjunction with ASP.NET MVC.

• By using a persistent connection between the client and server, SignalR, a library in ASP.NET, enables developers to incorporate real-time web functionality into their applications. 
• This essentially makes it possible for server-side code to instantly push updates to connected clients, enabling features like live chat, interactive dashboards, and notifications, all within the framework of an ASP.NET MVC project. 
• When available, it allows bi-directional communication through mechanisms like WebSockets, but if not, it gracefully falls back to other methods.  

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15. How can ASP.NET MVC be utilized with Web API OData?

A framework for creating and using RESTful APIs built on the OData protocol is called Web API OData. OData services can be created and consumed with it in conjunction with ASP.NET MVC.

• By building controllers inside your MVC application that expose OData endpoints, you can use ASP.NET MVC with Web API OData. 
• This gives clients the ability to query and manipulate data using the OData protocol, effectively offering a strong and adaptable method of accessing and managing data from your application.
• It is using standardized query options like filtering, sorting, and paging, all within the framework of your current MVC project.  

16. How can ASP.NET MVC be utilized with Azure DevOps?

Azure DevOps is a suite of development services that allow teams to schedule tasks, work together on writing code, and create and launch apps. It can automate the build, test, and deployment process when combined with ASP.NET MVC.

17. What distinguishes ASP.NET Core MVC from ASP.NET MVC?

A cross-platform, high-performance framework for creating web apps and APIs is called ASP.NET Core MVC. It is based on.NET Core, a cross-platform and modular variant of the.NET framework.

18.What are ASP.NET Core MVC’s salient features?

• Interoperability between platforms (Windows, macOS, Linux).
• Excellent performance.
• Modular architecture.
• Dependency injection is built in.
• Middleware support.
• Support for a range of hosting scenarios.

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19. How can an ASP.NET MVC application be converted to ASP.NET Core MVC?

• To determine whether your application is compatible, use the.NET Portability Analyzer.
• Make the switch to.NET Core for your application gradually.
• To benefit from ASP.NET Core MVC’s new features, refactor your code.

20. What possibilities do ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Core MVC have for the future?

Microsoft is working on ASP.NET Core MVC while maintaining support for ASP.NET MVC. The suggested framework for brand-new web development projects is ASP.NET Core MVC.

Conclusion

These are the top 40 ASP.NET MVC interview questions you may run against. The role and the organization you are interviewing with will determine the specific questions you are asked. It’s crucial to be ready to go into great depth about your background and expertise and to show that you grasp the ideas. We hope that this extensive list will be useful to you as you prepare for the interview. Enroll in our ASP DOT NET MVC training in Chennai for a brighter career in web development.