Java Security: Protecting Java Applications from Vulnerabilities and Attacks

In an LDAP injection, executable queries are injected while input validations are used. The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, sometimes known as LDAP, is a free, open-source, and platform-independent protocol for directory service authentication.

Applications can communicate with directory servers using the LDAP protocol. Usernames, passwords, account information, and other data that can be shared with other network organizations are frequently stored on these directory servers.

When an application enters unclean inputs into an LDAP statement directly, this is known as an LDAP injection. When this happens, the attacker can utilize the LDAP filter syntax to instruct the server to run further LDAP statements and queries.

Make sure that LDAP has special characters – ()! | & * are escaped or denied during validation is the simplest technique to prevent LDAP injection.

Reflected XSS

The technique of introducing malicious scripts that are activated through a link is known as reflected cross-site scripting, or XSS. The user is subsequently directed somewhere else by the request. A user comment section, for instance, can have a mirrored XSS that is integrated to blend in with the rest of the website. When the user clicks on it, they could be redirected to the original site after visiting a third-party website.

Malicious third-party activities like cookie or session stealing may take place. Spam filters on supplied links can help decrease the frequency of reflected XSS, although it is difficult to monitor.

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Resource Injection

When an attacker successfully modifies the resource IDs that the application uses to carry out malicious actions, resource injections take place. This could entail altering the file name, and port number, or getting access to or executing other resources.

How is this possible? Usually when the resource is defined by the program using user input.

Imagine, for instance, that an attacker uses XSS to successfully steal your user’s information or a connection string injection to obtain access to a shopping site. They can now use resource injection to change or access details. By placing orders from the website, altering, or stealing more information about your consumer without them knowing, your attacker can cause havoc.

SQL Injection

SQL injection is the process of adding malicious scripting within data requests, which causes the backend application to return private information or run malicious scripting code on the database.

This may lead to total host compromise, data access, and privacy violations. Additionally, SQL injection may cause data loss or corruption and may even prevent you from accessing your own database. At this point, the injection has gained complete control.

Making sure that you validate on the server side is the simplest way to resolve the issue. The backend acts as a backstop to stop undesirable characters, such as spaces and ” quote marks, from trickling through frontend inputs, which can be easily bypassed.

Second Order SQL Injection

The process of second-order SQL injection involves two steps. The attacker begins by adding anything to your program but delaying its execution. They can be awaiting additional information or a trigger event.

Second-order SQL injections are different from regular SQL injections in this regard.

The hacker inserts code into a table entry that is considered a reliable source. The attack then switches from being dormant to being active execution as a result of that table row being called.

Due to its frequently veiled nature, testing for second-order SQL is more difficult.

As an illustration, the malicious user registers using the username

This implies that the database stores ” or “hacker”=”hacker.” The following query could be used by the database to confirm a user’s identity:

SELECT * from Kingdom WHERE username = ‘<username>’;

Consequently, the last question seems somewhat like this when the username is ” or “hacker”=”hacker”:

SELECT * from Kingdom WHERE username = ” or ‘hacker’=’hacker’;

The user name then completes the validation query when you attempt to log in, granting access to other users and their account information.

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Stored XSS

When a hacker inserts a script into the code of a website or app, it results in a stored XSS assault, also known as a persistent XSS attack. Store XSS is riskier because it doesn’t require user interaction, in contrast to reflected XSS when external connections are embedded.

Due to the nature of the platform, social media sites are particularly susceptible to stored XSS attacks. Users are urged to interact and post.

Webworms are another name for XSS, which affects the user and causes the offending element to run on the browser. Cookies, account information, or additional functionality through account impersonation may all be stolen as a result of this attack.

XSS can be started in four different ways, and JavaScript is frequently used to accomplish so. 

@post.title, post.url, @post.id and @post.footer_attr

Before parsing it, rejecting or escaping special characters like > and @ can help prevent this.

XPath Injection

XML documents are still well-liked and often used, even if JSON is the rising star for data organizing. The syntax used to define sections of an XML document is called XPath. XPath injections operate on a similar principle as SQL injections. 

The fact that XPath uses an XML format is the only distinction between it and SQL injection. If the attacker understands the XML structure, sending faulty data can be done with ease.

By navigating XML documents in this way, the attacker can access a variety of data, including username and password information. 

An XPath injection frequently happens when the query is constructed using unvalidated inputs. Utilizing precompiled XPaths is the secret to avoiding XPath injections. Refrain from taking entire expressions from unreliable sources. To avoid having your query hijacked, limit your XPath’s parametrization to string-only parameters if you must.

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